Numerical evaluation of the effect of soil non-horizontal layering on seismic response of semi-sin alternating hills

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 assistant profesor, qom university of technology

2 Associate Professor, Faculty of Geology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

3 ‎3M.Sc. Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Qom University of ‎Technology, Qom, Iran.‎

Abstract

Topographic and geological features have a significant impact on ground movements. Some topography is distributed intermittently in nature. Topographic alternation can be one of the reasons for the significant intensification of earth's seismic motion. However, most studies have focused on the amplification caused by a single topography. Limited research has been conducted on intermittent topography. In this paper, the intensification of seismic motion of the earth in heterogeneous semi-sin hills that hill materials, layers with angles of 15 to 75 degrees relative to the horizon, have been investigate. At all angles of layering, with the increase in the number of hills, the displacement intensification also increases, for example, for the ridge, at an angle of 45 degrees, the maximum magnification in the presence of a roughness is 1.63, but the same amount reaches to 1.66 when the three roughness is topographical. At smaller angles, the increase in the amplification of three-layer hills is more noticeable than the two-layer hills, and the larger the inter layer angle, the closer the amplification of the two and three-layer hills to the other. Therefore, each of the parameters of changing the angle of materials of the layers in the hill, as well as the increase in the number of layers in the hill, have an impact on the amount of seismic amplifications and each of these parameters should be considered in seismic designs.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Luo, Y., Fan, X., Huang, R., Wang, Y., Yunus, A., 2020. Topographic and near-surface stratigraphic amplification of the seismic response of a mountain slope revealed by field monitoring and numerical simulations, Engineering Geology, 271 105607.      
 Zhang, Z., Fleurisson, J-A., Pellet, F., 2018. The effects of slope topography on acceleration amplification and interaction between slope topography and seismic input motion, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 113: 420–431.
Tripe, R., Kontoe, S.,Wong, T.K.C., 2013. Slope topography effects on ground motion in the presence of deep soil layers, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 50: 72–84.
Wong, H. L., Trifunac, M. D., 1974. Scattering of plane SH waves by a semi-Elliptical canyon, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 3: 157-169.
Cao, X.-R., Song, T.-S., and Liu, D.-K., 2001. Scattering of plane SH-wave by a cylindrical hill of arbitrary shape, Appl. Math. Mech., 22(9): 1082- 1089.
Liu, G., Chen, H., Liu, D., and Khoo, B.C., 2010. Surface motion of a half-space with triangular and semicircular hills under incident SH waves, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 100(3): 1306- 1319.
Kamalian, M., Gatmiri, B., and Sohrabi-Bidar, A., 2003a. on time-domain two-dimensional site response analysis of topographic structures by BEM, Journal of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering, 5(2): 35-45.
Kamalian, M., Jafari, M. K., Dehghan, A.,  Sohrabi-Bidar, A., Razmkhah, A., Gallego, R., and Aliabadi M.H., 2003. Two-dimensional hybrid response analysis of trapezoidal shaped hills in time domain, Advances in Boundary Element Techniques, IV, Ed., pp231-236.
Nguyen, Kh., Gatmiri B., 2007. Evaluation of seismic ground motion by topographic irregularity, Soil Dynamic and Earthquake Engineering, 27183- 188.
Kamalian, M., Sohrabi-Bidar, A., Razmkhah, A., Taghavi, A., and Rahmani, I., 2008.  Considerations on seismic microzonation in areas with two-dimensional hills, Journal of Earth System Science, 117(2): 783-796.
Sohrabi-Bidar, A., Kamalian, M., and Jafari, M. K., 2009. Time-domain BEM for three-dimensional site response analysis of topographic structures, international journal for numerical methods in Engineering Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng, 79: 1467–1492.
Afzalirad, M., Kamalian, M., Jafari, M.K., Sohrabi-Bidar, A., 2014. Seismic behavior of topographic features with material damping using BEM in time domain, International Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol 12, No 1 26-44 .
Amelsakhi, M., Sohrabi-Bidar, A., Shareghi, A., 2014. Spectral Assessing of Topographic Effects on Seismic Behavior of Trapezoidal Hill, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of  Environmental, Earth Science and Engineering, Vol : 8 No:4.
Amelsakhi, M., Sohrabi-Bidar, A., Shareghi, A., 2017. Seismic assessment of  trapezoidal-shaped hills induced by strong ground motion records , JSEE, Vol 19, No.4.
Alielahi, Kamalian, M., Adampira, M., 2016. A BEM investigation on the influence of underground cavities on the seismic response of canyons, Acta Geotechnica (AG) (ISI); Vol. 11No. 2; 391-413.
Maleki, M., Khodakarami, M.I., 2017. Feasibility analysis of using MetaSoil scatterers on the attenuation of seismic amplification in a site with triangular hill due to SV-waves, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 100: 169–182.
Afzalirad, M., Naghizadehrokni, M.,  Khosravi I.,  c, 2019. Dynamic behavior of double and triple adjacent 2D hills using boundary element method, Heliyon, 5e01114.
Modha, K. G., Raj, D., Singh, Y., Lang, D. H., 2020. Topographic amplification of earthquake ground motion on different hill geometrie, 17th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, 17WCEE Sendai, Japan - September 13th to 18th 2020.
Isari, M., Tarinejad, R., Sobhkhiz Foumani, R.,  Alavi, A., 2020. Investigation of seismic response of topography under recorded excitation using boundary element method, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Isari, M., Tarinejad, R., 2021. Introducing an effective coherence function to generate non-uniform ground motion on topographic site using time-domain boundary element method, Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, Volume 20, Issue 1, p.89-100.
Yin, C., Li, W., Wang, W., 2021. Evaluation of ground motion amplification effects in slope topography induced by the arbitrary directions of Seismic Waves, Energies, 14, 6744.
Li, sh.,  Zhang, F., Wang, M., Cheng, Zh., Zhang, Y., Zhang, N., Wang, J., Gao, Y., 2022. Seismic response sensitivity of a V-shaped canyon-crossing bridge considering the near-source canyon topographic effects, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 155 107205.
Wong, HL., 1982. Effect of surface topography on the diffraction of P, SV and rayleigh waves, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 72(4) 1167-1183.
Bouckovalas, G. D.,  and Papadimitriou, A. G., 2005. Numerical evaluation of slope topography effects on seismic ground motion, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, vol. 25 pp. 547-558. 
Rizzitano, S., Cascone, E., Biondi, G., 2014. Coupling of  topographic and stratigraphic effects on seismic response of slopes through 2D linear and equivalent linear analyses, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 67: 66–84.
Building design regulations against earthquakes, standard 2800, fourth edition. Road, Housing and Urban Development Research Center, in persian.
peer. [online] Peer Ground Motion Database. http://ngawest2.berkeley.edu/spectras/21326/searches/20106/edit. (Accessed 2 march 2014).
Itasca, F. L. A. C. Fast Lagrangian analysis of continua. User’s manual. Minneapolis: Itasca Consulting Group (2005).

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 09 July 2022
  • Revise Date: 09 April 2023
  • Accept Date: 20 May 2023

Share

How to cite

Statistics